What was the impact of railroads in the output of the United States during the 19th century and how can a New Trade … trade and U.S. county output data from the 19th century, to estimate county gains from trade using a fixed-point algorithm …

This paper develops a standard model of international trade and makes three contributions. First, it shows that when … domain: for each level of trade restrictions mutually imposed, it is found an immigration tax that generates the same …