multinationals, are less likely to rely on imported or internally provided services. -- International trade ; services ; off-shoring …

We investigate the relationship between outsourcing and profitability paying particular attention to the endogeneity of … outsourcing. The empirical analysis uses unique plant level data for the electronics sector in Ireland. A particular feature of … activities. We distinguish outsourcing of materials from outsourcing of services inputs. We find that plants that are …

We present a dynamic model where the probability of outsourcing production is increasing in the firm’s expectation of … outsourcing. No prior study has been able to provide such causal evidence. Our results are robust to the inclusion of detailed … characteristics of the firms as well as firm fixed effects. -- Outsourcing ; technological change …

traditional informal activities is related to increased outsourcing by formal manufacturing enterprises. -- informal sector …