Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Russia and Slovakia) over their first ten years of freedom. We draw three conclusions from … relatively popular, Russia, Hungary and Bulgaria, reform is slower, more problematic, and aimed toward a welfare state not US …

The gas industry is perhaps Russia’s least reformed major sector. Prices are regulated, exports are monopolised and the …-Gazprom production and making gas supply in Russia more competitive, but this will require fundamental reform. The proposals for reform …

The gas industry is perhaps Russia's least reformed major sector. Prices are regulated, exports are monopolised and the …-Gazprom production and making gas supply in Russia more competitive, but this will require fundamental reform. The proposals for reform …

attract foreign business and drive FDI in Russia.• Five top trade partners increased their import purchases from Russia from … energy as a “new nuclear weapon”, along with further innovations. Markets felt the pressure of Russia and Saudi Arabia oil … price war influence game.• The clarity in Putin's 2020 constitutional amendments may bring stability to Russia and clarity …

-presidential political crisis and Russia's war in Ukraine in 2022 put further strains on the economy, calling for change. This working paper …