and their volatility on trade flows in two small, open economies – Chile and New Zealand – with three major trading … exchange volatility impacts trade flows in the small, open economies more than was found for larger economies. Findings do not … clearly indicate the direction of the impact, i.e. whether this volatility increases or decreases trade in all countries and …

of trade with China became less friendly. Today, GDP in North Korea is reportedly lower than in 1990, notwithstanding a …

installation' come first in terms of prevalence of bundles of goods and services. Since the trade regime is different for trade in … goods and trade in services, manufacturing firms engaged in servitisation strategies may face higher trade barriers just by … expanding their activities in sectors that are less open to trade. When negotiating trade agreements, policy makers need to take …

strong GDP growth. Investments in infrastructure are improving connectivity and trade integration has been facilitated by …. First, reverse the drop in public investment and reduce high transport and logistics costs. Second, intensify trade links … and participation in GVCs, by further improving trade facilitation, to encourage firms to adopt the best technologies and …