of institutional change more generally. -- Direct democracy ; institutional change ; referendum … creating these institutions. I build a model of direct democracy that explains why a representative might benefit from tying … that some politicians benefit from the introduction of direct democracy, since they are more likely to survive …

The United States is hardly a "model" of direct democracy. Historically, our system has been notable for several … backdrop of "indirect undemocracy," we might ask how it happened that the instruments of direct democracy -- initiative …, referendum, and recall -- gained a place in the American political system. This manuscript is a brief history of how direct …