In this paper, the internal stress and hardness of Ni–W alloy films with W contents in the range of 0–59 wt% were investigated. The amorphous Ni–W alloy films were electrodeposited with 59 wt% W content and the structure of crystalline alloy films was formed after heat treating. The...

The growth mechanism and characteristic ordered patterns of iron (Fe) films deposited on the silicone oil surfaces by a DC-magnetron sputtering method are presented in this paper. It is found that as the film thickness increases, the iron atoms deposited on the oil surface first form compact...

In this paper, an optical microscopy study of orderly structures, namely bands, which are observed in a nearly free sustained copper (Cu) film system, is presented. The band is composed of a large number of parallel key-formed domains with different width w but nearly uniform length L. This...

The formation mechanism and surface evolution of thin silver films deposited on silicone oil substrates by a DC-magnetron sputtering method are reported. As the film thickness increases, the deposited silver atoms first form compact clusters, then transfer to ramified aggregates and finally form...

In this work we shall attempt an excursus across fundamentally different streams of modern interpretations of the "primitive entities" constituting the social fabrics of economic systems. Behind each specific interpretative story, there is a set of ceteris paribus assumptions and also some...