This paper examines the impact of the 2003-05 oil price increase on the balance of payments positions and IMF financing needs of low-income country oil importers. It finds that stronger exports reflecting favorable global conditions, a compression of oil import volumes due to the pass-through of...

Changes in exchange rates have become a prominent issue in Germany and Japan - due to the enormous appreciation of the Deutschmark and the Yen. Conventional wisdom suggests that economic activity will be negatively affected if a currency is going through a phase of appreciation. The paper...

Changes in exchange rates have become a prominent issue in Germany and Japan - due to the enormous appreciation of the Deutschmark and the Yen. Conventional wisdom suggests that economic activity will be negatively affected if a currency is going through a phase of appreciation. The paper...

En este trabajo se analiza, mediante modelos econometricos, la evolucion en el periodo 1973-92 de las principales variables relativas a los mercados maritimos: comercio maritimo mundial, flota, precio de los fletes, volumen de flota varada y desguazada, y volumen y precio de las nuevas unidades....

As current trends of Chinese economic growth and motorization continue, its demand for higher efficiency fuels (oil, gas, and electric power) will increase. This, coupled with China’s limited domestic production, can translate into a massive demand for energy imports. To predict China’s...

As current trends of Chinese economic growth and motorization continue, its demand for higher efficiency fuels (oil, gas, and electric power) will increase. This, coupled with China's limited domestic production, can translate into a massive demand for energy imports. To predict China's energy...

The starting point of any discuss on electronic bill of lading must as of necessity commence with the explanation of what a bill of lading is. A Bill of Lading is a document issued by, or on behalf of, a carrier or master to a sender, known as the shipper or consignor, which covers the carriage...

The authors discuss whether a small country with shrinking population should apply public enterprises to improve its economic situation for purposes of external economic relations policy. The study refers to Estonia as an example. Estonia has developed public enterprises of the central state and...

China's entry into the World Trade Organization offers China a rare opportunity to advance its communications capabilities, but the government must recognize that protecting its favored domestic companies and funding antiquated technology won't allow the country to benefit from everything WTO...

The Greek Shipping Estimation Model aims to provide a coherent statistical framework for the estimation of Balance of Payments (BoP) items related to shipping activity, based on administrative sources and commercial databases. Given the multi-territorial nature of the shipping sector and its...