Bilevel programming techniques are developed for decentralized decision problems with decision makers located in two levels. Both upper and lower decision makers, termed as leader and follower, try to optimize their own objectives in solution procedure but are affected by those of the other...

Problem: Engineering design decisions require the integration of information from multiple and disparate sources. However, this information is often independently created, limited to a single perspective, and not formally represented, thus making it difficult to formulate decisions. Hence, the...

A supply chain is the system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information,and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. Themain and basic challenges in the supply chain are to plan a strategy to manage theresources and meet the demands, to...

The objective of this paper is to present a technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) algorithm to linear fractional bi-level multiobjective decision-making problem. TOPSIS is used to yield most appropriate alternative from a finite set of alternatives based upon...