Transit operations involve several inherent sources of uncertainty including dispatching time from the origin terminal, travel time between stops and dwell time at stops. Bus holding control strategies are among the prominent methods applied by transit operators in order to improve transit...

The standard method of estimating the value of travel time variability for use in policy appraisal is to estimate the parameters of a reduced-form utility function, where some measure of travel time variability (such as the standard deviation) is included. A problem with this approach is that...