In the tax literature, the tax effort index for any country is usually measured by the ratio of the actual tax ratio to the predicted ratio. This reflects mainly the variance in the taxable capacity of a country. A high value of tax effort index indicates that a particular country is collecting...

The theme of this text is the construction of state capacities to enable medium and long term investment. The focus was on the relationship between public funds and state financial agents in the formation of institutional arrangements for the financing of economic development, based on a...