The article analyzes the spatial pattern of public spending in several federative and regional scales. Theoretical considerations show gaps and common concepts to the relationship between federalism and territory. The empirical analysis shows an asymmetric pattern, with small and large...

A new state debt cycle occurred mainly through external and contracted credit operations with federal banks from 2008, after a long period with few loans and debt stock fall. It is argued that exogenous macroeconomic factors were essential in the downward trend of the debt in the early 2000s,...