The COVID-19 pandemic has upended the U.S. economy and labor market. We assess the initial spike in unemployment due to … the virus response and possible paths for the official unemployment rate through 2021. Substantial uncertainty surrounds … the path for measured unemployment, depending on the path of the virus and containment measures and their impact on …

-term unemployment rates, leading to the need to reform labour market institutions and make them more flexible. Flexible labour markets … employment and unemployment) but also to reduce the negative impacts on labour market of structural shocks. If we focus on the …, the countries with the best results in terms of unemployment and employment would have been those that had a more flexible …

stock and flow data to understand key developments. We find dramatic changes in employment, unemployment and labour market …

depreciation upon job loss—and its interaction with labor market institutions. We have three main results, based on a life … between turbulence and institutions explains most of the reduction in labor force participation among older workers in Europe … over this period, but ultimately explains little of the rise in unemployment. Third, only a small share of the increase in …