We consider a leader and a subordinate he appoints who engage in team production. The public observes the organization’s performance, but is unable to determine the separate contributions of the leader and of the subordinate. The leader may therefore claim credit for the good work of his...

This paper discusses the possible privatization of Petrobras. It is argued that despite the economic reasons that recommend its sale, probably the prerequisites for it will not exist in the short term. The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the discussion of this proposal, through the...