In March 2020, Covid-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Most European governments reacted with lockdowns. A drop in demand as well as supply disruptions affected the economy which also hit European banks with quite a lot of uncertainty, not only regarding possible...

The tremendous growth of markets for credit derivatives since the mid 1990's has raised questions regarding the role of these instruments in the banking in- dustry which is heavily exposed to credit risk. However, while recent literature mainly focused on pricing and optimal decisions regarding...

Germany's banking sector has been severely hit by the global financial crisis. In a German context as of February, 2009, this paper reviews briefly the structure of the banking industry, quantifies effects of the crisis on banks and surveys responses of economic policy. It is argued that policy...

In Thailand, the government has long recognized the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to the economy and has given a large amount of financial support to this sector. Still, SMEs are not able to catch up with larger enterprises and the constraints to SME financing remain...

This article has a following thesis: changes in banking and a role of banks in real economy in last years, give an argument for treating banks as public good. Banks received a great support from governments as a result of the subprime crisis. G-20 and European Commission recommended new...