Taxes and transfers can have significant impacts on poverty and inequality. All standard measures are by definition … transfers can lower inequality and poverty (including the severity of poverty) but still make a subgroup of the poor worse off … when standard poverty and inequality indicators decline and overall taxes are progressive …

This chapter reviews definitional issues that arise in assessing the extent of, and change in, poverty in western … industrialized countries, including the choice of resource, level of poverty line and appropriate adjustments for the size and type … market income poverty can have very different poverty rates once taxes and transfers have been received. Cross …

reducing the poverty rate by almost one percentage point more, a 75 percent increase over the survey estimate. …

Bourguignon and Fields ("Poverty Measures and Anti-Poverty Policy") and Gangopadhyay and Subramanian ("Optimal … Budgetary Intervention in Poverty Alleviation Schemes") have derived optimal budgetary rules for the redress of poverty through … direct income transfers when poverty is measured by the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke Pá class of indices in the context of a …

constitutions reduce poverty? Second, does the strength of constitutional language of the economic and social rights matter … important results. First, we do not find an association between constitutional rights generally framed and poverty. Second, we … do not find an association between economic and social rights framed as directive principles and poverty. Third, we do …

addressing this challenge and providing methods for ethical poverty, welfare, and inequality comparisons with univariate ordered …