"The beginning of the employment career is often associated with phases of unemployment. We argue that unemployment has … UK and Germany. While search and matching models argue that an unemployment phase might be used for an active job search …-based and rigid labour market in Germany creates a stigma attached to unemployment and therefore might have negative …

"The empirical literature on unemployment almost exclusively focuses on the duration of distinct unemployment spells … lifetime unemployment (defined as the total length of all unemployment spells over a 25-year period). This new perspective … enables us to answer questions regarding the long-term distribution and determinants of unemployment for West German birth …

"As a reaction on high and persistent unemployment in Germany, the largest labour market reforms in post-war history … on the efficiency of matching out of unemployment. Especially focussing on searcher heterogeneity, we estimate a system … of simultaneous stock-flow matching functions for short-term and long-term unemployment (3SLS) on the basis of …

"Unemployment insurance (UI) sanctions in the form of benefit reductions are intended to set disincentives for UI …

recipients of benefits for the long-term unemployed (the so called Unemployment Benefit II) in Germany that combines a sample of …