[...]One of the primary goals of TANF is to move welfarerecipients into work and economic self-sufficiency. Althoughstates were given much flexibility in how to achieve this goal, thefederal government imposed some guidelines in the form ofrequirements that welfare recipients be participating in...

[...]Our research on seven ‘weak marketcities’ in five European countriessupported by the Joseph RowntreeFoundation was completed and theresulting book, Phoenix Cities by AnnePower, Jörg Plöger and Astrid Winkler,will be published in March 2010.However, we were delighted that...

In 1996, Congress passed the Personal Responsibility andWork Opportunity Reconciliation Act, or PRWORA, whichsubstantially restructured public assistance programs.PRWORA gave states almost entire discretion to design andoperate cash assistance programs for families with children,reducing the...