separate firm-borrowing shocks from bank-supply shocks using a vast sample of matched bank-firm lending data. We decompose … aggregate loan movements in Japan for the period 1990 to 2010 into bank, firm, industry, and common shocks. The high degree of … role for granular shocks as in Gabaix (2011). We show that idiosyncratic granular bank-supply shocks explain 30-40 percent …

degrees of dependence on external financing or access to capital. However, because regulations affecting bank entry varied … sector. Regulations on bank entry and other banking market characteristics thus appear to exert an independent influence on …

bank risk taking, commercial bank failure, interest rates on loans, and market structure. We propose a market structure … addition to aggregate shocks to the fraction of performing loans in their portfolio. A nontrivial bank size distribution arises … consistent with untargeted business cycle properties, the bank lending channel, and empirical studies of the role of …

We study how heterogeneity in banks’ asset holdings affects fragility. In the model, banks face a risk of bank runs and … sell their assets at the same time. When banks are homogeneous, their selling behaviors are synchronized, and bank runs are …