in-creased. The observed polarisation is explained by the disparate distributionof infrastructure, in particular, that of …, education, roads, industrial power consumption and bank depositsas infrastructure components explaining cross-state variation in …

disparate distribution of infrastructure, and that of education, and to an extent by a number of macroeconomic indicators, that …

Limited empirical studies have disaggregated the government spending into infrastructure and consumption expenditures … Kenyan government. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of infrastructure sector spending on private … Correction Model (ECM) estimation approach. Infrastructure outlay in health, agriculture and roads was found to positively impact …

business environment, low R&D expenditure, low-quality higher education and under-developed infrastructure. The research also … capital quality, improving business environment, ensuring macroeconomic stability, upgrading infrastructure and learning from …

disparate distribution of infrastructure, and that of education, and to an extent by a number of macroeconomic indicators; that …

distribution of infrastructure and to an extent by a number of macroeconomic indicators; that of, capital expenditure and fiscal …

Public infrastructure is an important part of a wellfunctioningurban economy. Such infrastructure—definedhere as … overall benefits that exceed their costs.1That is to say, is the amount of infrastructure we havesufficient, or would we … benefit from an increase? Anotherimportant question is, do our institutional structures promoteefficient infrastructure …

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of infrastructure on trade in the case of Central Asian countries …. Infrastructure is measured by the aspects of quality and quantity in three Central Asian countries - Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic … and quantity of infrastructure in Central Asia have a positive impact on trade flows. However, estimations by country …

Infrastructure plays a key role in facilitating trade, especially since recent trade liberalization in Asia has … resulted in significant tariff reductions. This study quantifies the impacts of both hard and soft infrastructure on trade … improvements in transport infrastructure (i.e., the road density network, air transport, railways, ports, and logistics) have …