independent measures of variation (i.e., variables) in these songs. None of these variables were related to blue tits' ultraviolet …--blue plumage, a demonstrated sexual signal, thus failing to support the redundant signal hypothesis. We found some evidence that …

-based plumage coloration. First, we tested whether the immune systems of male goldfinches are carotenoid limited during molt by … had a significant effect on plumage and bill color but not on immunocompetence. We compared the cell-mediated and humoral … posttreatment plumage coloration of males to their immune responses. We failed to find the predicted trade-off between ornament …

The evolution of colorful plumage has been dramatic in lekking species. Several studies show that the size of colorful … plumage, as well as other morphological and behavioral traits shown to be important in other lekking species. We found that … lek centrality, male body size, and plumage brightness were associated with male mating success. Only plumage brightness …

sons benefit more than daughters from inheriting their father's characteristics. Song and plumage color in birds are …

birds. Condition capture models assume that only animals in superior condition can develop and maintain a colorful plumage …. Although there is good evidence that carotenoid-based components of plumage colors show condition dependence, the situation is … tits (Parus caeruleus) to investigate condition-dependent effects on plumage coloration in male and female offspring …

drying aonla plup. The dryer consists of an ultraviolet stabilised semi-transparent polythene sheet of 200-micron thickness …

drying aonla plup. The dryer consists of an ultraviolet stabilised semi-transparent polythene sheet of 200-micron thickness …