We study how two distinct dimensions of peer ethnic diversity (ethnic fractionalization and ethnic polarization) affect … schools, we find evidence for two opposing effects. Ethnic fractionalization increases the likelihood of students sorting into … people-oriented occupations while ethnic polarization reduces this likelihood. Using data on social and cognitive skills, we …

, and construct measures of polarization and fractionalization based on the cardinals' birthplaces. The deaths of popes and … find that an increase of one standard deviation in our measure of polarization raised the likelihood of internal conflict …We study the effect of divisions within the elite on the probability of internal conflict in the Papal States between …

policies are less effective for Muslim-led groups in towns with a recent history of religious conflict. Our findings contribute … minorities, and conflict. …

- together with standard growth models to frame the role of religion in economic growth. Unifying a growing literature, we argue … that religion can enhance or impinge upon economic growth through all four elements because it shapes individual … preferences, societal norms, and institutions. Religion affects physical capital accumulation by influencing thrift and financial …

respondents, while religiosity tends not to play any role. Compared to religion, the effects of institutional trust and local …

denominations using various thresholds. It is robust to controlling for whether the denomination is a state religion, for the …

We build a model of conflict in which two groups contest a resource and must decide on the optimal allocation of labor … involved in the conflict by transferring financial resources to its origin country. We find that the diaspora influences the … conflict equilibrium, the two groups of residents prefer to negotiate a peaceful settlement if there exists a sharing rule that …

We model simultaneous inter and within identity-group conflict in two territories connected by cross-territorial spill … higher efficiency of a group in inter-group conflict. We find that inter-group and total conflict move together within a … territory, while within-group conflict and output move in the opposite direction. A unilateral increase in cross-border spill …

partly spills over into the next period, by affecting relative conflict efficiency. Our model generates non …-monotone evolution of both conflict and distribution. Results suggest that external interventions, when effective in reducing current … conflict and protecting weaker groups, may end up sowing the seeds of greater future conflict. …