polarization, a key mechanism theorized as increasing the chances of violent conflict, remains less understood. We argue that …Does secessionism lead to social polarization? Despite much research on independence movements, their relationship to …. However, polarization does not necessarily lead to violence. We explore the case of Catalonia, a region that experienced a …

We investigate the impact of the political representation of minority groups on the incidence of ethnic conflict in …-random variation in legislator religion generated by the results of close elections. We find that the presence of Muslim legislators … results in a large and significant decline in Hindu-Muslim conflict. The average result is driven by richer states and those …

polarization: a relative increase in higher level and in lower level jobs. This paper is concerned with examining the extent to … which labour market polarization has taken place in South Africa over the period 1993-2017. A decomposition method is used … well as an economic growth effect. The polarization we find is mild. This may be because technology in South Africa lags …

previously carried out by workers. This can lead to labour market polarization, with jobs in the middle of the wage …

relation with earnings and polarization, and inequality. We show some evidence of polarization in earnings but not with respect …

This paper presents the first global and regional estimates of polarization and bipolarization spanning the period 1960 … polarization estimates. The study introduces a battery of sensitivity tests to assess the reliability of polarization estimates … polarization levels and trends. Overall, we find that relative bipolarization has consistently decreased since 1980, while in …

Population Prospects to develop the most comprehensive database of lifespan inequality and polarization for 258 countries and …