conflict analyses treat religion as a subset of ethnicity. This paper explores differences between these two identities, both … by reviewing literature and by analysis of some recent surveys of perceptions in a number of conflict-affected countries … than in the case of ethnicity, but there is no evidence that religious conflicts are more deadly than ethnic ones …

The conflict in Northern Ireland was an example of "complex warfare" with both insurgency and sectarian violence. We … present a unified model that helps to identify these two forms of conflict from the spatial distribution of violence. The … troop surge in 1972 and the proximity to the Republic of Ireland on the two elements of the conflict. …

In their survey of the literature on ethnic fractionalization and economic performance, Alesina and La Ferrara (2005 … fractionalization on economic growth across countries using unique time-varying measures. We first replicate the finding of a weak … shows a significant negative impact on economic growth which is robust to different specifications, polarization measures …

specifically on ethnic diversity. In contrast to the previous literature, this study argues that it is the fractionalization and …/or polarization of ethnic groups that is the relevant consideration, rather than the population share of ethnic minorities, since such …

the concept of ethnic fractionalization is a strong predictive measure for the direct effect of ethnicity on growth …This paper investigates the empirical relationship between the two concepts of ethnicity and economic growth. Ethnicity … variables. The system incorporates new channel variables for the potential indirect effects of ethnicity that are important in …

fractionalization is a strong predictive measure for the direct effect of ethnicity on growth, whereas the concept of ethnic …This paper investigates the empirical relationship between the two concepts of ethnicity and economic growth. Ethnicity … new channel variables for the potential indirect effects of ethnicity that are important in the process of economic …

Purpose – The paper aims to investigate the connection between corruption and ethnic polarization and religious … fractionalization. Design/methodology/approach – Analysis of variance and regression expectation models were used to identify groups of … ethnicity for some 127 countries. …