cointegration method. The results reveal a significant negative relationship between imports and economic growth, while exports and …This study examines the impact of exports, imports, and trade openness on Namibia's economic growth using the ARDL … driven by exports, imports, and trade openness. The findings suggest that trade liberalisation and export-led growth are …

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of sectoral exports on economic growth in Turkey over the period 2000 …

The purpose of this research is to estimate the dynamic impacts of foreign direct investments (FDI) and exports on … assumptions, we find that the change in exports does not affect GDP, and the effect of FDI on GDP can be positive or negative … (% of GDP), exports of goods and services (% of GDP), and GDP growth rate (%). FDI and exports constitute first …

implication of this research is that an appreciation of the real exchange rate is harmful for the exports of non-oil goods and …

Johansen test of co-integration was employed to determine whether the variables were co-integrated. The VECM was used for … were integrated of order one, I(1), with breaks (confirmed by ZA and LP unit root tests), a Johansen test of co-integration … was applied to identify whether the variables were co-integrated. The results of the Johansen co-integration test …

by a variety of tests of cointegration using time-series as well as panel data. …

for cointegration. The dynamic properties of the VAR(1) were summarized using Granger causality tests and impulse response … (measured as GDP), exports, and imports in Jordan using time-series data between 1976 and 2021. In particular, this research … attempts to determine exports-led growth, imports-led growth, growth-led exports, and growth-led imports in both the short …

autoregression (VAR) model, error correction model (ECM), and the Granger causality to check the relationship between the tourism …