Inequality between world citizens in mid-19th century was such that at least a half of it could be explained by income … differences between workers and capital-owners in individual countries. Real income of workers in most countries was similar and …, the situation has changed fundamentally: more than 80 percent of global income differences is due to large gaps in mean …

of such a decline, and this paper presents evidence of stagnation in the pace of reduction of income inequality in Latin … the impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Mexico and Central America, where inequality rose after 2010 as labor income …Over the past decade (2003-12), Latin America has experienced strong income growth and a notable reduction in income …

Is there a"middle income trap"? Theory suggests that the determinants of growth at low and high income levels may be … different. If countries struggle to transition from growth strategies that are effective at low income levels to growth … strategies that are effective at high income levels, they may stagnate at some middle income level; this phenomenon can be …

The paper presents an overview of calculations of global inequality, recently and over the long-run as well as main … decline in global inequality between world citizens since the Industrial Revolution. The decline however can be sustained only … (within-country) inequalities, which are already high, are kept in check. Mean-income convergence would also reduce the huge …

This paper develops a framework for the quantitative analysis of individual income dynamics, mobility and welfare …. Individual income is assumed to follow a stochastic process with two (unobserved) components, component representing measurement … error or transitory income shocks and an Autoregressive (AR(1)) component representing persistent changes in income. The …

development. In low-income countries, young adults that are born into smaller cohorts are less likely to work, but school … attendance remains unchanged. In middle-income countries, young adults in smaller cohorts are less likely to be unemployed and … middle-income countries, but there is scant evidence that these improvements persist into adulthood. …

By all accounts, income inequality in Egypt is low and had been declining during the decade that preceded the 2011 … with a low level of income inequality. Moreover, while income inequality shows a decline between 2000 and 2009, the World … compared with 418 household surveys worldwide. Hence, income inequality in Egypt is confirmed to be low while the distribution …

In recent years, the term"middle-income trap"has entered common parlance in the development policy community. The term … issues on the so-called middle-income trap. The paper presents evidence in terms of both absolute and relative thresholds. To … get a better understanding of whether the performance of the middle-income trap has been different from other income …

Suppose that all people in the world are allocated only two characteristics: country where they live and income class …'s global income position (percentile in world income distribution) is explained by only these two pieces of information. Mean … country income (circumstance) explains 60 percent, and income class (both circumstance and effort) 30 percent of global income …