unconditional and conditional correlations. Finally, we compute the contribution of the dierent transitions to unemployment rate … volatility. Our over- all conclusion points out that the employment duality is the key to understand the unemployment volatility …

employment status affects both the level and the persistence of unemployment and numerically that these effects are substantial … exp lain the high and persistent European unemployment. …

increases in youth unemployment and youth participation in active labour market programs. …

increase in conservation triggers two opposite effects. It reduces the inflation bias of discretionary monetary policy and … hence the benefits of a reform. It also increases unemployment variability, which increases the precautionary benefits of a …

increases in youth unemployment and youth participation in active labor market programs. The impact on unemployment rates by age … and education has been roughly proportional, however. The evolution of employment and unemployment does not offer much … ground for the popular hypothesis that the recent rise in unemployment is driven by large and pervasive shifts in the demand …

unemployment has a weak positive effect on the probability of filling a vacancy, while the number of vacancies in the local labor …

, when the unemployment rate was much higher, and the inflation rate much lower, than when we conducted the first survey in … severe and prolonged macroeconomic shock affects wage rigidity and unemployment. Our second survey was conducted in 1998 … 1991. We find no evidence that the increase in unemployment has softened the mechanisms generating wage rigidity. On the …

, when the unemployment rate was much higher, and the inflation rate much lower, than when we conducted the first survey in … severe and prolonged macroeconomic shock affects wage rigidity and unemployment. Our second survey was conducted in 1998 … 1991. We find no evidence that the increase in unemployment has softened the mechanisms generating wage rigidity. On the …