derive a number of hypotheses that link trade integration to retail firm performance and to the structure of retail markets … activities. Moreover, we find that retail imports are associated with a higher exit probability of small retailers and greater … adjustments may imply additional gains from trade absent from models lacking a distribution sector. …

financial crime regulation) to assess how payment disruptions impede cross-border trade. Using firm-level export data from … borrowers start to export less. This trade decline occurs on both the extensive and intensive margins, and firms only partially … substitute these foregone exports with higher domestic sales. As a result, total firm revenues and employment shrink. These …

This paper studies the importance of incentives as a determinant of international trade flows. We argue that barter …, countertrade and foreign direct investment can be seen as efficient institutions that mitigate contractual hazards which arise in … technology trade, marketing and imperfect capital markets. Paying an import with export goods rather than cash (barter) helps to …

into large firms. In this second-best environment, policy changes that favor large firms, such as trade liberalization …