Increasing fragmentation of production across borders is changing the nature of international competition. As a result …-skilled workers, highlighting the uneven distributional effects of fragmentation. The results show that a GVC perspective is needed to …

through their liquidity demanding orders. In contrast, HFTs’ liquidity supplying orders are adversely selected. The direction …

This paper offers a new framework for the assessment of financial market liquidity and identifies two types: search … liquidity and systemic liquidity. Search liquidity, i.e. liquidity in “normal” times, is driven by search costs required for a … trader to find a willing buyer for an asset he/she is trying to sell or vice versa. Search liquidity is asset specific …

. This trade-off generates a number of insights about the impact of market conditions, e.g. liquidity and trading horizons …

finds that common shocks – key crisis events as well as changes to global liquidity and risk – have exerted a large effect …

We study the prices that individual banks pay for liquidity (captured by borrowing rates in repos with the central bank … depend in particular on the distribution of liquidity across banks, which is calculated over time using individual banklevel … data on reserve requirements and actual holdings. Banks pay more for liquidity when positions are more imbalanced across …

We discuss the notion of liquidity and liquidity risk within the financial system. We distinguish between three … different liquidity types, central bank liquidity, funding and market liquidity and their relevant risks. In order to understand … the workings of financial system liquidity, as well as the role of the central bank, we bring together relevant literature …