About 40% of employment in manufacturing is in services functions. This paper develops a measure of narrow outsourcing … face from outside IT suppliers. Narrow outsourcing is entered into labour demand functions where labour is broken down on … percentage point increase in narrow local outsourcing of services reduces manufacturing employment in the same services function …

-level Trade in Value Added (TiVA) indicators of offshoring and domestic outsourcing. The results suggest that employment in all … observed between the offshoring of inputs and domestic outsourcing with more routine-intensive jobs. Taken together, the …