Siddiqui, Afzal S.; Bartholomew, Emily S.; Marnay, Chris - 2008
Regardless of the form of restructuring, deregulated electricity industries share one common feature: the absence of … any significant, rapid demand-side response to the wholesale (or, spotmarket) price. For a variety of reasons, electricity … integration, even as the retailers themselves are forced to purchase electricity at volatile wholesale prices set in open markets …