integration, even as the retailers themselves are forced to purchase electricity at volatile wholesale prices set in open markets … stability is threatened. This, then, facilitates many other problems associated with electricity markets, such as market power …Regardless of the form of restructuring, deregulated electricity industries share one common feature: the absence of …

responsive only on the supply side is only half a market. Demand response (elasticity) is necessary to gain the full economic … are not able to commit to specific responses months or years in advance. Electricity is a fluid market commodity with a … they can be made more effective in controlling summer peaks and attendant high prices of electricity. Particular attention …

respond quickly to fluctuating conditions. Many restructured electricity markets, however, experience high prices caused by …-averse retailer's end-use consumers are allowed to perceive real-time variations in the electricity spot price. Using a market …-equilibrium model, we find that price elasticity both increases the retailers revenue risk exposure and decreases the spot price. Since …

. Reductions in the energy bill, and therefore DG attractiveness, depend on the electricity tariff structure; a system created … before widespread adoption of distributed generation. Tariffs have been designed to recover costs equitably amongst customers … with similar consumption patterns. Recently, electric utilities began to question the equity of this electricity pricing …

/provinces with demand response (DR) in the electricity sector. Demand-side resources are often overlooked as a viable option for … the form of decreased grid congestion, improved system reliability, market efficiency, price stabilization, hedging … against volatile fuel prices and reduced environmental impacts of energy production. This report describes the various types …

Renewable energy certificates (RECs) represent the attributes of electricity generated from renewable energy sources …. These attributes are unbundled from the physical electricity, and the two products-the attributes embodied in the … certificates and the commodity electricity-may be sold or traded separately. RECs are quickly becoming the currency of renewable …

sources. This issue brief compiles and analyzes recent market research conducted by utility companies on customer interest in … and willingness to pay for renewable electricity. Findings in the areas examined in this review are: Customers are … favorable toward renewable sources of electricity, although they know little about them; Solar and wind are the most favored …

customers response to short-term fluctuations in electricity prices are based on theories of rational firm behavior, where … institutional customers in the Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation service territory that have faced day-ahead electricity market …Energy economists have long argued the benefits of real time pricing (RTP) of electricity. Their basis for modeling …

Dynamic retail electricity pricing, especially real-time pricing (RTP), has been widely heralded as a panacea for … providing much-needed demand response in electricity markets. However, in designing default service for competitive retail … choice in the past 5-7 years reach an important juncture in retail market design. Most states with retail choice established …

New technologies, low natural gas prices, and federal and state utility regulations are restructuring the electricity … electricity industry is stranded commitments. Past investments, power-purchase contracts, and public-policy-driven programs that … made sense in an era of cost-of-service regulation may not be cost-effective in a competitive power market. Regulators …