, performance and construction cost of existing power plants, cost and availability of purchased power, and the costs and … face utilities, including delays in completing power plants (proxied by cost of completing plants) and the energy and load … reductions caused by DSM programs (proxied by cost of DSM programs). The two types of resource portfolios are tested against …

demand and supply resources to meet customer energy-service needs cost-effectively. Key characteristics of this planning …

demand and supply resources to meet customer energy-service needs cost-effectively. Key characteristics of this planning …

system operator under cost-based prices. This computer model demonstrated the likely complexity of markets for energy and …

). Transition costs are approximately equal to the difference between the embedded cost for generation services under traditional … cost-of-service regulation and the competitive-market price for power. When government takes action to open current … at issue in the transition-cost debate? The debate turns on four questions: (1) How large are the potential transition …

reliable operations of the interconnected transmission system.` The nationwide cost of ancillary services is about $12 billion … a year, roughly 10% of the cost of the energy commodity. More important than the cost, however, is the necessity of … specify methods to measure the production, delivery, and consumption of these services; to identify the costs and cost …

the Pacific Northwest need not be penalized by the change to marginal-cost pricing. Customer responses to price changes … will increase the transfer of power between regions. A gas price increase of 20%, while only raising the average-cost …-based price to 1.95 {cents}/kWh, raised the marginal-cost-based price to 3.56{cents}/kWh. Reductions in hydroelectric resources …