professional regulation cannot be transferred without restrictions to intra-European trade with professional services in the … the Member States of the EU within a gravity framework. If the OECD "Services Trade Restrictiveness Index for cross …-border trade in services" (OECDSTRI) is used to capture remaining regulatory differences between the Member States, there is no …

arm’s length. The model further implies that firms are more likely to offshore when frictions in the provision of services …