with distance, tariffs, and sanitary-phytosanitary (SPS) regulations imposed by foreign countries on U.S. corn seed exports … 2004. We find that all trade costs matter and have had a negative impact on U.S. corn seed exports. Tariffs matter most …The United States is a large net exporter of corn seeds. Seed trade, including corn, has been expanding but its …

with distance, tariffs, and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) regulations. The analysis relies on a gravity-like model based … trade costs matter and have had a negative impact on U.S. corn seed exports. Tariffs matter most, followed by distance and …The United States is a large net exporter of corn seeds. Seed trade, including that of corn, has been expanding, but …

with distance, tariffs, and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) regulations. The analysis relies on a gravity-like model based … trade costs matter and have had a negative impact on U.S. corn seed exports. Tariffs matter most, followed by distance and …The United States is a large net exporter of corn seeds. Seed trade, including that of corn, has been expanding, but …

The price-wedge method yields a tariff-equivalent estimate of technical barriers to trade (TBT). An extension of this ….S.-Japan apple trade dispute and find that removing the Japanese TBT would yield limited export gains to the United States. We then …

significantly lower than predicted flows, with sectors where a SPS/TBT measure is notified in the TRAINS database. Only three …

fruits and vegetables. In general, both tariffs and nontariff phytosanitary measures are relatively small across high … arbitrary use of nontariff measures, including sanitary and phytosanitary regulations. U.S. imports of fruits and vegetables … for phytosanitary issues have been expanded. This report compares 2011 tariff rates with phytosanitary treatments for 29 …

technical barrier to trade (TBT) based on Wales and Woodland's Kuhn-Tucker approach to corner solutions in consumer choice. The …

agricultural and food sectors. The analysis centers on sanitary, phytosanitary, and technical regulations that can have an impact …

former situation involved a pair of centrally-placed trading partners introducing tariffs and retaliatory measures across a … of key technologies. We find that the trade war has led to an increase in tariffs that face several upstream inputs, such …