2 groups past approaches that quantify NPD efficiency to performance measurement systems, aggregate absolute metrics …, and aggregate relative metrics. It concludes that past research has rarely operationalized efficiency and that available … to consider efficiency holistically. Article 3 implements a data envelopment analysis an aggregate relative measure in a …

extends the focus of performance evaluation based on DEA, which is originally placed on efficiency, to effectiveness and …This study introduces new methodological developments of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that satisfy the demands of …