There is agreement within industrial organisation economics that an inverted U-shaperelationship exists between the level of competition in an industry and the level of innovation inthat industry. Thus, when consolidation changes the level of competition in an industry wemight expect this to...

Innovation is still an obscure concept although many efforts have been made to improve the understanding and measurement of it. The growth of service activities throughout the economy has encouraged scholars, policy makers and executives to explore the determinants and features of the innovation...

This paper discusses an increasingly important, yet challenging development, the international coordination of nationally rooted policies or funding schemes to support international collaboration in science and technology (S&T). It conceptualizes ways in which government ministries or agencies...

In the UK, SSAP 13 requires that firms immediately expense most of their R&D expenditures.The reported earnings of high-R&D expenditure firms are therefore likely to convey less valuerelevantinformation to investors than those of less research-intensive firms. Using a sample offirms from the...

This paper analyses the process of knowledge growth in a branch of medical science. Our study of scientific advances in glaucoma research is organized in two parts. In the first we present a qualitative overview of the problem sequences that have characterized 150 years of medical research in...