heavily reliant on internal finance and the quantity and price channels are expected to drive usage of debt. Our findings on …. Firms tend to prefer internal finance when semi-local or national institutions show higher commercial operational distance …

government funding than the others. -- credit market imperfections ; small business finance ; government funding …

The constraint on informal finance is commonly taken to be high costs and limited supply. But the majority of informal … family and friends, and propose an alternative explanation of the limits of informal finance: Altruistic ties reduce agency …-formal financial institutions, such as community funds, crowd funding, and social lending intermediaries. -- Informal finance ; family …

This paper analyzes the importance of equity finance for the R&D activity of small and medium-sized enterprises. We use …

The existing finance literature is inadequate with respect to its coverage of the debt structure of small and medi …-um sized enterprises (SMEs). In addition, the role of trust in accessing finance for such enterprises is under … trust that bank managers and suppliers have in the SME, the more short-term finance an SME can obtain and should use. …

literature are the 1) European TBSF's finance new investments by relying primarily on internal funds, due to capital market …