This paper aims to evaluate the effect of different institutional designs on the economic policymaking process and outcomes. I focus on the bargaining between executive and legislative branches of government over the definition of fiscal policy under separation of powers in presidential regimes....

For a club such as the European Union, an important question is when, and under which conditions, a subset of the members should be allowed to form "inner clubs" and enhance cooperation. Flexible cooperation allows members to participate if and only if they benefit, but it generates a freerider...