migrations. Here I focus on the period 1850 to 1940 and chiefly on migration from Europe to the New World. The survey is …

After the collapse of Communism in Central and Eastern Europe, former party members were particularly likely to start … resources, information and opportunities provided by former party membership or because people with specific individual … attributes were more likely to become party members (self-selection). This study is the first to separate the causal effect of …

on China have examined the relationship between Communist Party membership and earnings and found a positive correlation … estimate the causal effect of Chinese Communist Party membership on monthly earnings in China. We find that, on average …, membership in the Communist Party of China increases monthly earnings and the wage premium has grown in recent years. We explore …

mainstream. This paper asks how public attitudes about such policies respond once an extreme party increases their political … elections where a party either barely wins or loses an additional seat.We estimate that a one seat increase for the far …-right, anti-immigration party decreases negative attitudes towards immigration by 4.1 percentage points, in opposition to the …

We study the effect of former Communist party membership on paying bribes to public officials and motivations for …-socialist countries in 2015/16. To deal with endogeneity, we instrument party membership with information on whether family members were … affected by the Second World War. Instrumental variable results suggest that links to the former Communist party increase the …

voters' preferences. We investigate the reverse effect: Are the electorates' policy preferences responsive to party positions … the preferences of specific partisan groups with their preferred party's position on the policy under consideration …

results are consistent with naturalized migrants being less likely to vote for the Republican Party than native voters and … with native voters' political preferences moving towards the Republican Party because of high immigration of non …

find a positive intergenerational transmission of right-wing extremist party affinity for sons, but not for daughters …. Compared to the intergenerational correlation of other party affinities, the high association between fathers' and sons' right …

parties. We focus on immigrant location decisions in Northern Italy which has seen the rise of the anti-immigration party Lega …