2014. We explore the dynamic adjustment process following this credit supply shock. In counties where the largest banks had … a high market share, the aggregate flow of small business credit fell, interest rates rose, fewer businesses expanded …, unemployment rose, and wages fell from 2006 to 2010. While the flow of credit recovered after 2010 as other lenders slowly filled …

Standard economic theory says that unsecured, high-interest, short-term debt — such as borrowing via credit cards and … income shock of unemployment. Instead, individuals smooth their credit card debt and overdrafts by adjusting consumption. We … first use detailed longitudinal information on debit and credit card transactions, account balances, and credit lines from a …

We evaluate the impact of the credit conditions facing corporations on their emissions of toxic air pollutants … that positive shocks to credit conditions reduce corporate pollution …

-employee literature. We construct firm-specific exogenous credit supply shocks and estimate their direct and indirect effects on real … activity using firm-specific measures of upstream and downstream exposure. Credit supply shocks have sizable direct and … crisis. In terms of mechanisms, trade credit extended by suppliers and price adjustments play a role in accounting for …

-constrained investors to take excessive risks. Ignored are unconstrained investors speculating on higher prices during credit booms. To … a bank/brokerage-credit-fueled stock-market bubble. The direct effect is a 25 cent increase in a stock's market …

banks in providing credit to smaller borrowers about whom information is least complete and, more generally, support the …

scale from pre-existing credit lines and loan commitments in anticipation of cash flow disruptions from the economic …

the financial health of the contracting parties and uncertainty regarding the borrowers' credit quality. The relative …