Der Zusammenbruch des Rats für gegenseitige Wirtschaftshilfe hat zu erheblichen ökonomischen Verwerfungen geführt. Der verstärkte Zugang zu den stabileren Märkten der OECD-Länder ist deshalb von großer Bedeutung für die ehemals sozialistischen Staaten Mittel- und Osteuropas sowie der...

This toolkit aims to help World Bank task teams working on energy subsidy and tariff reforms to develop qualitative analysis tools. The tools that are described in this document can help task teams to better understand and address social and political challenges related to these reforms,...

This paper presents evidence for structural differences in economic growth dynamics between the current EU and the central- and eastern European accession countries. Two important results emerge from the analysis. First, accession countries have posted higher average growth and wider output...

We quantify the degree of persistence in unemployment rates of transition countries using a variety of methods benchmarked against the EU. In part of the paper, we work with the concept of linear u0093Hysteresisu0094 as described by the presence of unit roots in unemployment. Since this is...