level of violence, an outlier among the oil countries as a whole. It applies a newly elaborated 'context approach' that … with a moderate increase in internal violence in Venezuela are subsequently analyzed, in the second part of the paper, from …, and corruption. On the other hand, oil has triggered violence-primarily through socioeconomic causal mechanisms (central …

This paper analyzes the role of religion with regard to the violence experienced during the past 20 years in Côte d …'Ivoire. It seeks to explain the differences in the level of violence over time by focusing on religion as an identity marker and … reaction to the violence and politicization, the religious elites founded an interreligious organization in the 1990s, and were …