impact of in-utero exposure to local violence - measured by homicide rates - on birth outcomes. The estimates show that … exposure to violence during the first trimester of pregnancy leads to a small but precisely estimated increase in the risk of …, where violence is endemic and are particularly pronounced among children of poorly educated mothers, implying that violence …

lockdowns on the incidence of domestic violence (DV) have reported relatively modest effects. This may reflect a low reporting …

increase the cost of corruption but not of the exercise of violence might accordingly lead mafia-style organizations to … retaliate by resorting to violence in lieu of bribery. On the other hand, this kind of anti-crime measure might also induce … reduce violence. To determine which of these possible effects is prevalent, we undertake an empirical assessment of the …

increase the cost of corruption but not of the exercise of violence might accordingly lead mafia-style organizations to … retaliate by resorting to violence in lieu of bribery. On the other hand, anti-corruption measures might also induce criminal … violence. To determine which of these possible effects is prevalent, we undertake an empirical assessment of the impact of city …

Violence against women (VAW) is only beginning to be recognized as a major societal problem within and across Asia …. This is evidenced by the high level of self-reporting by men and women of sexual violence and domestic violence in recent … UN surveys; the extremely low conviction rates for these forms of violence; the slow, partial or non-adoption of anti …

to which buyers only are prosecuted. We focus on various measures of violence, distinguishing between known and unknown … perpetrator, indoor and outdoor crimes, and on health outcomes such as hospitalizations. This allows us to assess whether violence … occurs within the prostitution market, or outside of it, namely as domestic violence. The empirical analysis shows an …