During the 1990s, governments, managements and unions have been focused uponimproving the cost efficiency of firms. This focus has been strongest for firms in thepublic sector where improved outcomes can be expected to significantly improve theGross Domestic Products of whole economies.This case...

This paper reviews the main development of approaches to modelling urban public transit users’ route choice behaviour from 1960s to the present. The approaches reviewed include the early heuristic studies on finding the least cost transit route and all-or-nothing transit assignment, the bus...