This paper outlines institutional arrangements for achieving accelerated self-financed democratic development with investment, consumption, income and savings increasing together instead of relying on a reduction of consumption to create the savings to finance investment or the need to use...

The characteristics that distinguish most developing countries, compared to large industrialized countries, include: greater exposure to supply shocks in general and trade volatility in particular, procyclicality of both domestic fiscal policy and international finance, lower credibility with...

This paper seeks to inform about a feature of monetary policy that is largely overlooked, yet occupies a central role in modern monetary and financial systems, namely central bank collateral frameworks. Their importance can be understood by the observation that the money at the core of these...

This paper relates Keynes's discussions of money, the state theory of money, financial markets, investors' expectations, uncertainty, and liquidity preference to the dynamics of government bond yields for countries with monetary sovereignty. Keynes argued that the central bank can influence the...

This paper models the month-over-month change in euro-denominated (EUR) long-term interest rate swap yields. It shows that the change in the short-term interest rate has an economically and statistically significant effect on the change in EUR swap yields of different maturity tenors, after...

Procurement law is rising in importance year after year. According to the European Commission, public procurement now accounts for over 14% of the EU's gross domestic product. Also at the ECB, spending through procurement is growing, and the evolution of its procurement law from non- binding...

Among the countries currently considering issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC), including nearly all of G20, there is a strong preference for a retail CBDC made available to the general public through private intermediaries. This Policy Brief sheds light on the technical complexities...

The operationalisation in late 2014 of European Regulation 1024/2013 conferring specific tasks on the European Central Bank concerning policies relating to the prudential supervision of credit institutions and establishing a Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSMR) has profoundly changed the European...

Procurement law is rising in importance year after year. According to the European Commission, public procurement now accounts for over 14% of the EU's gross domestic product. Also at the ECB, spending through procurement is growing, and the evolution of its procurement law from non-binding...