the econometric specification most often found in the literature. We then show how the model can be used to project land …-use change into the future and for policy simulation. Finally, we use the model to examine the impact of common land conservation … policies in Europe. -- Land-use change ; urban sprawl ; simulation …

biodiversity. This paper uses the staggered introduction of protected-area policies between 1985 and 2020 to study the selection of … land for protection and the causal effect of protection on vegetation cover and nightlights. Our results reveal protection … of land and climate attributes. We conclude that European conservation efforts lack ambition because policymakers select …