The purpose of this paper is to critically discuss the main advantages of introducing environmental regulation tools such as tradable permits markets. Current climate policies, the negotiations under way at the international level, and past experiences with emissions trading in the USA and...

Global warming reveals that the current evolution of the world consumption is on an unsustainable path. Humankind's insatiable appetite for energy has sparked a new crisis. In a world where climate change has become a proven reality, there lies a deep uncertainty about the physical, economic and...

Since the publication of the Stern Review, economists have started to ask more normative questions about climate change. Should we act now or tomorrow ? What is the best theoretical carbon price to reach long-term abatement targets? How do we discount the long-term costs and benefits of climate...

In a world where climate change has become a proven reality, it is clear that global energy consumption is currently on an unsustainable path. Humankind's insatiable appetite for energy has sparked a new crisis, and there is a deep uncertainty about what the long term physical, economic and...

Environmental challenges, and the potential solutions to address them, have a direct effect on living standards, the organization of economies, major infrastructures, and modes of urbanization. Since the publication of path-breaking contributions on the governance of environmental resources in...

‘Executional greenwashing’ refers to the use of nature-evoking elements in advertisements to artificially enhance a brand’s ecological image. Based on classic models of persuasion, a first experiment reveals that evoking nature does mislead consumers, especially if they have low knowledge...

This paper surveys the existing theoretical and empirical research on long term contracts inspired by the American experience. We analyze the role of take-or-pay clauses and price indexation rules, questioning whether regulation distorts optimal contract duration. The models we summarize allows...