Daten zur Produktionsstruktur der Welt, die aus Input-Output-Tabellen entnommen werden, zeigen, dass der ausländische Wertschöpfungsanteil, der in deutschen Exporten steckt, zwischen 1995 und 2008 von 13,5 auf 20% gestiegen ist. Somit ist für Deutschland der langfristige Trend zur...

We document a hitherto overlooked stylized fact: countries’ external tariff schedules are surprisingly similar. The correlation is particularly striking for countries belonging to the same deep preferential trade agreement (PTA). We show that most of this is due to selection effects rather...

When President Trump came into office the US administration launched a detailed analysis of American trade relations. It aimed to identify "unfair trade practices" that are supposedly increasingly being used by other countries, and that are economically damaging to America. This study simulates...

When two countries conclude a free trade agreement (FTA), they define rules of origin (RoOs) to determine whether a product is eligible for preferential treatment. RoOs exist to avoid that exports from third countries enter the FTA through the member with the lowest tariff (trade deflection)....

Die Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) mit ihren Aufgaben, Handelshemmnisse abzubauen, den internationalen Handel zu liberalisieren und Handelskonfl ikte zu schlichten, ist stark angeschlagen. In der 25-jährigen Geschichte der Organisation kam es trotz Regelgleichheit zu unterschiedlich...

The Schengen agreement has guaranteed unchecked travel across internal EUborders since 1995. Has it also facilitated trade flows? Our econometric analysissuggests that Schengen has boosted trade by 3% on average (equivalent to a drop in tariffs by 0.7 percentage points). Goods trade is more...

The sheer size of the EU and US economies combined suggests substantial economicbenefits from eliminating tariffs, reducing the costs of regulatory divergence, anddeepening cooperation. Estimating these gains is difficult: uncertainty concerningmodelling choices, data, and scenarios looms large....

Recent quantitative trade models treat import tariffs as pure cost shifters so that their effects are similar to iceberg trade costs. We introduce revenue-generating import tariffs, which act as demand shifters, into the framework of Arkolakis, Costinot and Rodriguez-Clare (2012), and generalize...

Recent quantitative trade models treat import tariffs as pure cost shifters so that their effects are similar to iceberg trade costs. We introduce revenue-generating import tariffs, which act as demand shifters, into the framework of Arkolakis, Costinot and Rodriguez-Clare (2012), and generalize...