This paper argues that openness to goods trade in combination with an unequal distribution of political power has been … provision of schooling are typically lower in an open than in a closed economy. Moreover, we find that, under openness to trade …, development is faster in a democratic system. We also endogenize the trade regime and demonstrate that, in political equilibrium …

institutions precede crises and, interestingly, positive reforms occur thereafter. Strong institutions shorten the duration of … interaction effect suggests they can be offset by appropriate institutions. …

and bad growth prospects, and that these adverse effects are more severe in volatile countries with bad institutions and … a resource boom reinforces rent grabbing and civil conflict especially if institutions are bad, induces corruption …

’ persistent characteristics, such as their institutions. Among our findings are that macroeconomic policies affect development …

Institutions are important for proper economic performance, but are replaceable by trust or other social norms. We show … that when proper institutions and trust are missing, integrity of the individuals can replace them. We construct a model of … a transactions-based economy with contracts preceding the transactions, and show that any one of (1) institutions, (2 …

entrepreneurial elite, resulting in economic policy and institutions which are more conducive to entrepreneurship and productivity …

instruments: the literacy rate at the end of the XIXth century, and the political institutions in place over the past several … and with available measures of institutions in a cross-country setting. …

We study the co-existence of two community-based institutions for fisheries management in Benin: a traditional … survey data on fishing activities, we find that rules of both institutions have a statistically significant but small impact … fully assess the effectiveness of, and interactions between, the two institutions. …

countries, communities on both sides of the long-gone Habsburg border have been sharing common formal institutions for a century …