A growing number of recent works support the idea of debt threshold level (turning point), above which debt starts reducing economic growth. However, estimated threshold varies sharply across studies and gives a little insight into what the optimal level of debt is. The point is that there is no...

The effects of various geopolitical tensions, conflicts between countries and the global post-pandemic COVID-19 have caused an acceleration in the price level in many countries around the world. This research focuses on Mexico since its monetary policy has created intricate interactions between...

Business bribery is a particularly serious problem in the integration era. First, this article investigates the effects of institutional obstacles on firms' bribery in 131 countries classified by nation income groups. Through the appropriate proposal of fitting functions, the relationship...

The present work analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and corruption on the quality of the environment in the MENA region. Indeed, the magnitude of corruption and the quality of institutions are often cited as the main factors affecting the FDI inflow. Here, the Autoregressive...

The purpose of this research is to estimate the dynamic impacts of foreign direct investments (FDI) and exports on economic growth in Peru (1970-2020) using annual series. Starting with the theoretical Mundell-Fleming static model with assumptions, we find that the change in exports does not...

A vast number of the energy-growth nexus researchers, as well as other "X-variable-growth nexus" studies, such as for example the tourism-growth nexus, the environment-growth nexus or the food-growth nexus have used the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) bounds test approach for...

This paper explores the relationship between export, import, and output for Thailand over the period from 1990 to 2017. The threshold vector autoregressive (VAR) and threshold vector error correction (VEC) models were applied. The empirical evidence confirms that the export-led growth hypothesis...

The aim of the article is to verify the convergence process of the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) (CEE10) countries towards Western European countries (EU15) in years 1995-2016. Additionally, the paper aims to show the interaction between economic integration and convergence as well as...

This paper examined the direction of causality between financial deepening and economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1970–2013. The study adopted the Toda–Yamamoto augmented Granger causality test and results showed that the growth-financial deepening nexus in Nigeria follows the...